Impacto en la actividad de Urgencias en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica de un hospital de tercer nivel durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 / Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency department activity at the pediatric surgery unit of a third-level hospital

Introducción: A raíz de la aparición del virus respiratorio SARS-CoV-2 en Wuhan en diciembre de 2019, el Gobierno de España decretóel estado de alarma con medidas que han incluido el confinamiento do-miciliario. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la actividad urgente deun Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica referente en su Comunidad Autónomay comprobar si ha existido disminución o no en la patología quirúrgica. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes pediátricos queacudieron a Urgencias y fueron derivados a Cirugía Pediátrica entre losperiodos del 14 de marzo hasta el 20 de abril de 2020, comparándoloscon aquellos que acudieron en las mismas fechas del año previo. Seanalizaron variables demográficas, la patología y el tipo de manejoen cada caso. Se analizó también el número de pacientes con dolorabdominal que precisaron valoración quirúrgica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 161 pacientes, de los que 91 acudieronen 2019 y 70 acudieron en 2020. De estos últimos, 62 (88,6%) fue-ron intervenidos y 8 (11,4%) fueron hospitalizados, mientras que en2019 fueron 67 (73,6%) y 24 (26,4%), respectivamente, observandoun menor número de ingresos en 2020 (p= 0,018). El número de horasde evolución hasta la consulta en Urgencias del total de pacientes nodemostró diferencias, únicamente existió un aumento en los pacientescon patología apendicular en el periodo de 2020, 24 [23-48] respectoal periodo del año previo 24 [12-30] (p= 0,045). Conclusión: La situación actual de pandemia no ha provocadouna disminución del número de intervenciones quirúrgicas urgentes.Únicamente aumentó el tiempo hasta la consulta en los pacientes conpatología apendicular.(AU)

Introduction: As a result of the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2respiratory virus in Wuhan in December 2019, the Spanish Governmentdeclared the state of emergency with restrictions such as stay-at-homelockdown. The objective of this study was to analyze emergency activityat a referral pediatric surgery unit in its territory and determine whethersurgical pathologies had decreased or not. Methods: A retrospective study of pediatric patients presentingat the emergency department and referred to the pediatric surgery unitfrom March 14, 2020 to April 20, 2020 was carried out. The resultswere compared with those from the same dates of the previous year.Demographic variables, pathologies, and management strategies werestudied for each case. The number of patients with abdominal painrequiring surgical assessment was also analyzed. Results: 161 patients were included – 91 from 2019 and 70 from2020. Of the 2020 patients, 62 (88.6%) underwent surgery and 8 (11.4%)were admitted, whereas in 2019, patient distribution was 67 (73.6%)and 24 (26.4%), which means there were fewer admissions in 2020(p= 0.018). There were no differences in terms of hours to emergencydepartment consultation – just an increase in the case of appendicularpathologies in the 2020 period, with 24 [23-48] hours vs. 24 [12-30]hours (p = 0.045). Conclusion: The current pandemic has not caused emergency sur-geries to decrease. It has only increased time to consultation in patientswith appendicular pathologies.(AU)

Las células C tiroideas están disminuidas en la hernia diafragmática experimental / Thyroid C cells are decreased in experimental CDH

Introducción/objetivo. La hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) experimental a menudo se asocia con malformaciones de origen neurocristal. Algunas de estas alteraciones están también presentes en la entidad humana, por lo que el mecanismo patogénico pudiera ser similar. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar si las células parafoliculares tiroideas (células C), también directamente derivadas de la cresta neural, son anormales en este modelo animal. Metodos. Ratas gestantes fueron expuestas a 100 mg de nitrofén por vía intragástrica (grupo nitrofén) o 1 mL de excipiente (grupo control) en el día 9,5 de gestación. Los fetos fueron recuperados en el día 21 de gestación y los tiroides de aquellos que presentaban HDC (68%) fueron procesados para su estudio inmunohistoquímico con anticuerpo anticalcitonina. El número de células teñidas por campo microscópico de gran aumento fue establecido usando un método informático automatizado en al menos 5 cortes de cada tiroides. Se estudió igualmente la distribución de las células dentro de la glándula. Las comparaciones entre grupos se hicieron con métodos no paramétricos, estableciendo un nivel de significación estadística de p < 0,05. Resultados. El número total de células estaba reducido drásticamente en los animales del grupo nitrofén comparados con los controles (23,1±37 vs 101,2±61,3; p < 0,0001). La histología del tiroides fue similar en los 2 grupos, pero la distribución de las células parafoliculares dentro de la glándula seguía un patrón anormal en el grupo nitrofén. Conclusiones. El herbicida nitrofén induce una disminución severa del número total de células parafoliculares así como una distribución anormal de las mismas dentro del tiroides. Estos resultados refuerzan la evidencia del papel patogénico de una disregulación de la cresta neural como mecanismo de esta malformación en roedores. La semejanza del modelo experimental y la HDC en humanos invita a realizar investigaciones paralelas en las 2 especies (AU)

Background/aim. Experimental CDH is often associated with malformations of neural crest origin. Several of these features are present in human CDH and therefore likely similar pathogenic mechanisms should be explored. The aim of the present study is to examine whether thyroid C-cells, another neural crest derivative, are abnormal in this rat model. Methods. Pregnant rats were exposed either to 100 mg of 2-4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofén) or vehicle (controls) on 9.5 day of gestation. Fetuses were recovered on day 21st and the thyroids of those with CDH (68%) were immuno-histochemically stained with anti-calcitonin antibody. The number of positively stained cells per high power field were counted using a computer-assisted image analysis method in at least 5 sections per thyroid. The distribution of the cells within the gland was assessed as well. Comparisons between CDH and control rats were made by non-parametric tests with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results. The number of c-cells was dramatically reduced in CDH animals in comparison with controls (101.2±61.3 vs 23.1±37, p<0.0001). Histology of the thyroid was similar in both groups, but the distribution of positive C-cells within the gland followed an abnormal pattern in CDH rats with the cells tending to be located at the periphery rather than at the core of the lobes. Conclusions. Nitrofén induces a severe decrease in thyroid C cells accompanied by abnormal distribution patterns. These results add further evidence of the involvement of a neural crest dysregulation as a component of the pathogenesis of experimental CDH. Whether there is or not a clinical counterpart to these findings is still unknown, but the nature of the cardiovascular and craneo-facial malformations in some babies with CDH strongly support further research in this field

Pericarditis tuberculosa diagnosticada por PCR en biopsia pericárdica / Tuberculous pericarditis diagnosed by PCR in pericardiac biopsy

No disponible

Decrease of parafollicular thyroid C-cells in experimental esophageal atresia: further evidence of a neural crest pathogenic pathway.

Adriamycin-induced experimental esophageal atresia (EA) is often associated with malformations of neural crest (NC) origin, such as abnormal pharyngeal pouch derivatives like the thymus and the parathyroids. The aim of the present study was to examine whether NC-derived thyroid C-cells were abnormal in a rat model. Pregnant rats received intraperitoneally either 2 mg/kg Adriamycin (EA) or vehicle (controls) on days 8 and 9 of gestation. Fetuses were recovered on day 21, and blocks including the trachea and thyroid were fixed in formalin, coronally sectioned at 3-mum widths, and stained with standard hematoxylin and eosin until the largest area of thyroid was reached. From this point on, the 1st, 10th, and 20th slices were immunohistochemically stained with anti-calcitonin antibody. Positively-stained cells in each section of the gland were counted using a computer-assisted image analysis method, and the results were averaged. The distribution of the cells within the gland was assessed as well. Comparisons between EA and control rats were made by nonparametric tests with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The number of C-cells was dramatically reduced in EA animals compared with controls (32.4+/-36 vs. 92.3+/-60.5, p<0.001). Histology of the thyroid was similar in both groups, but the distribution of positive C-cells within the gland followed an abnormal pattern in EA rats. Adriamycin causes a pattern of NC-derived malformations, including a severe decrease in thyroid C-cells accompanied by abnormal distribution or migration patterns. These results represent further evidence of the involvement of NC organogenic control dysregulation in the pathogenesis of EA and its associated malformations. The similarities between the rat model and the clinical picture strongly support investigating other subclinical NC-derived anomalies in patients with EA.